laser sailboat measurements

Introduction – Specs and About The Laser Dinghy

• 1 Introduction
• 2.1 The Laser 4.7 / ILCA 4…
• 2.2 The Laser Radial / ILCA 6…
• 2.3 The Laser Standard / ILCA 7…
• 3.1 Hull Specs:
• 3.2.1 Laser Standard / ILCA 7 Rig
• 3.2.2 Laser Radial / ILCA 6 Rig
• 3.2.3 Laser 4.7 / ILCA 4 Rig
• 4 The International Laser Class Association
• 5 The Laser Sailing Community
• 6 The Appeal of Laser Sailing
• 7 The Future of Laser Sailing
• 8 Conclusion

Introduction

The Laser Dinghy, a one-design racing sailboat, was designed by Bruce Kirby and unveiled to the public at the 1971 New York Boat Show. Since then 200,000+ Lasers have been built to date and are sailed across 140+ countries, with its popularity being primarily due to its simplicity and performance.

The original concept for the Laser centered on creating a boat that was easy to build, sail, and purchase, thereby making it accessible to a broad range of sailors. The Laser quickly gained popularity and became the boat of choice for many sailing schools and clubs worldwide. It also rapidly gained recognition as a racing boat and debuted as the single-handed open-class dinghy in the 1996 Olympic Games.

Racing is very competitive due to the one-design restrictions, which means sailors are truly able to test their ability, rather than rely on differences in hull shape, sails, and other gear to gain an advantage.

Besides being used for competition, the Laser is a popular choice for recreational sailing. You can spot these dinghies on lakes, rivers, and oceans worldwide. With its one-design nature, ease of use, and practicality, the Laser Dinghy is set to remain a popular sailboat for many years to come.

The Laser Dinghy – 3 Sailboats In 1

The laser dinghy comes in 3 rig sizes:

• 4.7 / ILCA 4
• Radial / ILCA 6, and
• Full/Standard / ILCA 7 rig

This means that sailors of just about any ability or age can enter the sport, and advance with minimal cost.

Rigging is easy using a sleeved sail over a mast with no stays, and can be launched and sailed single-handedly with ease. Minimal parts mean minimal breakages and maintenance.

The Laser 4.7 / ILCA 4…

utilizes a smaller sail than the Standard rig (4.7m 2 / 50.6 ft 2 which is 33% smaller) and a shorter pre-bent lower mast section.  It is ideal for lighter sailors (up to 121lb / 55kg) and beginners.

The Laser Radial / ILCA 6…

uses a smaller sail than the Standard rig (5.76m 2 / 62 ft 2 which is 18% smaller) and a shorter more flexible lower mast section. It is suitable for sailors between about 121lb – 154lb / 55kg – 70kg. The Radial is the most popular class of Laser, as it is suitable for the largest amount of people, including youth, women, and masters. The radial sail can easily be identified by the sail cut in a radial pattern emanating out from the clew.

The Laser Standard / ILCA 7…

has a 7.06m 2 / 76 ft 2 sail, and is more suitable for sailors above about 143lb / 65kg. This rig is suited to heavier sailors in windy conditions where weight, strength, and fitness are critical.

Summary of Key Laser Dinghy Specifications

Hull specs:.

• Length overall (LOA): 4.23m / 13ft 10.5in
• Length waterline (LWL): 3.81m / 12ft 6in
• Beam: 1.42m / 4ft 8in
• Hull Weight: 57kg / 125lb

Laser Sail Area Specs:

Laser standard / ilca 7 rig.

• Sail area: 7.06m 2 / 76 ft 2
• Luff: 5.13m
• Leech: 5.57m
• Foot: 2.74m

Laser Radial / ILCA 6 Rig

• Sail area: 5.76m 2 / 62 ft 2
• Luff: 4.56m
• Leech: 5.01m

Laser 4.7 / ILCA 4 Rig

• Sail area: 4.70m 2 / 50.6 ft 2
• Luff: 4.09m
• Leech: 4.54m
• Foot: 2.48m

The International Laser Class Association

The International Laser Class Association (ILCA), a global organization with regional sites, governs the Laser class of sailboats. The organization is responsible for developing and enforcing the class rules, which ensure that all Laser boats are built to the same specifications and are eligible to compete in official Laser regattas. The Laser Class Association also organizes and oversees major regattas and championships, including the Laser World Championships and the Laser Masters World Championships.

Membership in the Laser Class Association is open to anyone who owns or sails a Laser boat. Members have access to a wide range of benefits, including access to official class materials and publications, as well as opportunities to compete in official Laser events. The Laser Class Association also offers support and guidance for sailors who are interested in organizing their own Laser regattas.

The Laser Class Association plays a vital role in promoting and supporting the Laser class of sailboats and is a great resource for anyone who is interested in Laser sailing.

The Laser Sailing Community

The Laser sailing community is a vibrant and passionate group of sailors who share a deep love for the sport. From beginners and avid enthusiasts to professional athletes, this global community is bound by a common bond – the thrill of sailing the Laser. As one of the most popular sailing classes worldwide, Laser sailors come from diverse backgrounds, cultures, and age groups, united by their shared passion for the sport.

Laser sailing’s popularity extends across various regions, making it a truly international phenomenon. From the shores of Australia to the coasts of Europe, and the lakes of North America, the Laser class has a widespread following. Its appeal lies in the boat’s versatility, allowing sailors to compete in a wide range of sailing conditions, from challenging regattas to more relaxed lake racing. This popularity has fostered a thriving competitive racing circuit, attracting skilled sailors to local, national, and international events.

One of the most cherished aspects of the Laser sailing community is the camaraderie and sportsmanship among its members. Whether on the water competing fiercely during races or on shore sharing stories and experiences, Laser sailors exemplify a strong sense of friendship and mutual respect. Sailors often support and encourage each other, both in victory and defeat, creating a welcoming and supportive atmosphere for newcomers and seasoned sailors alike. The camaraderie extends beyond the racecourse, with events often turning into social gatherings where lifelong friendships are forged.

In the Laser sailing community, it’s not just about winning races; it’s about being part of a global family that shares a profound connection to the sea and the sport of sailing. The sense of unity and passion that emanates from this community is what makes Laser sailing not just a sport but, for many, a way of life. Whether you’re an aspiring sailor or a seasoned competitor, joining the Laser sailing community opens doors to an unforgettable journey filled with exciting challenges, lasting friendships, and the sheer joy of sailing.

The Appeal of Laser Sailing

Laser sailing offers a unique and attractive experience that captivates sailors of all levels. Its versatility, simplicity, and accessibility make it an ideal choice for both beginners dipping their toes into sailing and seasoned sailors seeking thrilling challenges on the water. The statement “It’s easy to learn but hard to master” describes it well and explains why it is so popular.

At the heart of Laser sailing’s appeal is the boat’s remarkable agility and responsiveness. The Laser’s lightweight hull and sensitive controls allow sailors to feel intimately connected with the water, empowering them to navigate with precision and grace. Whether cruising around or pushing the limits on a windy day, the Laser promises an exhilarating experience for all.

For those of us who are a bit more competitive, Laser sailing provides an unmatched thrill. The class’s popularity in local and global racing circuits opens up a world of exciting opportunities to test skills and compete against fellow enthusiasts. From local club races to prestigious international events, including the Olympics, the thrill of competitive Laser events creates an unforgettable sense of camaraderie and accomplishment that drives sailors to continually seek new challenges on the racecourse.

The Future of Laser Sailing

The Laser class continues to evolve with recent developments and potential future advancements. Technological innovations and advancements in materials are constantly being explored to enhance the boat’s performance while maintaining the strict one-design principle. As the class adapts to new challenges and opportunities, it remains committed to preserving the essence of Laser sailing – simplicity, accessibility, and competitive racing.

The Laser sailboat’s enduring popularity among sailors worldwide ensures that its future remains bright. With a strong and dedicated global community, the class continues to attract sailors of all ages and skill levels. The appeal of Laser sailing lies not only in its exciting on-water experiences but also in the lasting connections and friendships forged within the community.

As a class that thrives on inclusivity and camaraderie, Laser sailing’s relevance is poised to endure for generations to come. As new sailors discover the joy of Laser sailing and experienced sailors continue to push their boundaries, the future of Laser sailing remains a vibrant and promising one.

The Laser sailboat’s rich history, innovative design, and enduring popularity have solidified its place as one of the most beloved sailing classes worldwide. From its humble beginnings to becoming an Olympic icon, the Laser’s impact on the sailing world is profound, inspiring countless sailors to take to the waters and embrace the thrill of the sport. Its versatility, agility, and competitive edge make it a vessel of choice for sailors of all levels, from enthusiastic beginners to seasoned professionals.

As you dive deeper into the exciting world of Laser sailing, I invite you to explore further content on this website. Discover more about Laser sailing and the thriving global community that shares your passion. Whether you’re looking to purchase your first Laser dinghy , fine-tune your racing skills , or simply immerse yourself in the beauty of sailing, the Laser class promises a journey filled with excitement, camaraderie, and boundless possibilities. So, let’s celebrate the joy and passion of Laser sailing together.

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32 Comments

I am switching my boat from sailing 470 to sailing a laser now. I intend to sail laser primarily to qualify for the Olympics.

My question is if my height is good enough to sail laser standard. My height is 167 cm (5 ft, 6 inches) and weight is 68kgs.

Thanks, Vincent

Hi Vincent. Thanks for your question. I would say that at 167 cm and 68kgs, you would be at the lighter/shorter end of the scale for sailing a full rig laser. You may be able to put on some bulk before the next Olympics to handle it a bit easier. I think everyone has different opinions on what is the ideal weight for a laser. A lot depends on the conditions and your skill. Just for your info, I did some research on stats for Australia’s gold medalist at the 2012 London Olympics Tom Slingsby. He was reported to be 83kg & 186cm at the time. Good luck with it, and all the best. Brendan

My Grand daughter would like to switch froom sail Terra to Laser. What is the minimum height for the class

Hi Norman Thanks for your question. I’m not sure that there is a minimum height. It’s more about the weight. For a Laser 4.7, the ideal weight is around 110-130 lbs (50-58 kg). Any lighter and she may have trouble keeping it flat in a breeze. cheers Brendan

Hi, I am looking to buy a laser and am 5ft 10 (178cm) and around 68kg, I sail in a harbour so short chop is the worst condition, do you think I’m big enough for a standard?

Hi Giles I don’t think it’s as much about the height as it is the weight. At 68kg, you might be a little on the light side for a full rig. But it depends on how windy it tends to get also. If it’s generally pretty windy, you might struggle, but if it’s often fairly light, you may be ok. This thread has a good discussion on the ideal weight for laser standard sailor. Hope that helps. Brendan

Hi My sea scout troop has taken possession of a Laser 2. It lacks a suit of sails and a rudder. talking to others, no one is sure if the rudders are identical to Laser 1’s. Can you advise?

Hi Pete Thanks for your question. I am not very familiar with the Laser 2, so did some research. However, it was very hard to come up with information on the Laser 2 specs. From what I could tell, the rudders are different between the Laser & Laser 2, however, I was not able to find the actual specs on the Laser 2 rudder. For a measurement diagram for the Laser rudder, click here (click on the “Mast Top Section, Boom and Foils” tab). For an image of the Laser II rudder, check this out . As you can see, it looks slightly different to that of the standard Laser rudder . Sorry I can’t be of more help than that. Maybe some other readers can provide some more info. cheers Brendan

Hello, I am 6 feet tall and weigh 53 pounds, what laser whould be good for me?

Hi Alessandro Thanks for your question. I hope you mean 153lb, and not 53lb!! Opinions vary, and it depends on your fitness and ability. If you are just starting out, you may be best suited to a Radial Laser, but you are in the overlap zone between the Radial and Full rigs. So it depends a lot on your experience and fitness. It can also depend on where you live. If it tends to be quite windy on a regular basis, then you may opt for a smaller rig. Conversely, if it’s often quieter on the water, then a bigger rig may help. I’m a few lb/kg heavier than you, and I have a full-size / standard Laser rig. I find it’s great for the lighter days, but can be a bit overpowered on the heavier days. I don’t mind though, as it just makes it more exciting when you go around the top mark. cheers Brendan

Hi I’ve just brought a laser with a radial sail but a Standard mast. I was gonna make a Radial mast out of the right alloy tube but I need the measurements. Would anyone know what is The length of a radial mast?

Thanks Kaleb

Hi Kaleb Here are the measurements for the different Laser masts for each of the top and bottom sections. cheers

How tall is the mast on the “std” Laser? I had one once and it was fun getting it into the hole on the hull! Cliff

Hi Cliff Yes, it can take a bit of getting used to, when putting the mast into the mast step. Looking at this site , the total laser mast length should be approx.: – top section (including top plug) = 3600 – 305 = 3295mm – bottom section (including base plug) = 2865mm Overall laser standard mast length = 6160mm / 20.2 ft (approx.) Hope that helps!

Hi, I am 155 cm tall and weigh 49 kg. Am I suitable for sailing a laser 4.7 or should I sail a 420?

Hi D I’m not an expert with the 420. For a laser 4.7, I think you would be a bit on the light side, but it also depends on how fit, strong, and experienced in sailing you are. It may also depend, to some extent, on where you live (some places are windier than others)… if you have a strong sea breeze every afternoon, then this may be too much.

Hi, I’m a fairly experienced optimist sailor and I need to change my class due to my age. I am 157 cm tall and I weigh 46 kg. Would I be able sail a laser 4.7? The place I live can get very windy at times. Thank you

Hi Defne I think a 4.7 should be ok, but it would depend on your experience and level of fitness. Since you say that you are a fairly experienced optimist sailor, then that will definitely help. You might struggle a bit on the windy days though. If you can, ask around your local club and try to take a 4.7 out for a spin. Let us know how you go! All the best.

Hi I sail optimists and are looking into a laser as the next boat. I weigh 122 pounds and was wondering if I should get a radial or a 4.7 rig

Hi Noah Your situation is similar to the previous comment in June, so not sure if you saw that. It depends on a few things… including how experienced you are, how fit and strong you are, and what the typical conditions are like where you sail. At your current weight, you’re probably at the lower end of the ideal weight range for a radial. But if you are young and still growing, you might want to get the radial and grow into it over the next year or so. But you might struggle a bit at 1st on the windy days. See if you can take one of each out for a spin and give it a test for yourself. Best of luck with it!

Hello I have a Laser Radial sail with a “33” number above the boat sumber. the boat number is 177137 so its not an abbreviation of that … do you know what the 33 means? Thanks!

Hi Russ I’m not sure what the “33” about the boat number would refer to. Maybe some other readers may be able to help? Sorry I can’t help more than that. All the best with it.

Hi. I am currently building an El Toro dinghy. I do not want to have to handle the full 14 foot one-piece mast. I read somewhere that you can retrofit a laser 4.7 mast and sail onto an El Toro hull. A Sabot boom is marginally cheaper than a laser 4.7 one, and I was wondering if a laser 4.7 mainsail would fit a sabot boom. Thanks!

Hi Alexander I am not an expert on sabots, but from my research… The Laser 4.7 sail has a foot of 2.48m / 8.1ft. The sabot sail has a foot of 7ft and a boom of 7′ 3″. So the sabot boom looks too short for a Laser 4.7 sail.

Can anyone please tell me in what year Laser #66750 would have been made?

Hello Steve According to research that I had done previously, it looks like sail number 66750 would have been made in 1979. See this link for more info. cheers Brendan

Hi, I have sailed Sunfish sailboats, and years ago I crewed for a friend on his J24 in PHRF races. I love the idea of excitement when I sail, but I would also like to be able I sail with a passenger. Can a Laser be sailed with a passenger for entertainment? I did not see anything about the maximum capacity of the hull. Doug

Hello Doug A Laser sailing dinghy is designed as a single-handed boat, meaning it is typically meant to be sailed by one person. However, it is possible to sail a Laser dinghy with two people, although it may not be the most efficient or optimal way to use the boat. It is only a small dinghy, so the extra weight will affect the performance. There is not much room in the cockpit for 1 person, so for 2 people, it will be even more cramped. If you just want to go out and have some fun (and you and your passenger aren’t too big), then you can probably do that. But there are many other dinghies available that are specifically designed for two-person sailing that would be a better option.

Hello, I am looking for the width of the bottom part of the mast, to design a fitting for a wind indicator. Although I have looked through many sites (including the ones linked in the comments), I can’t find the specific measurements. James

Hello James The Laser mast diameter is approx. 2.5″ or 64mm.

I holiday in Finland and have just been given a laser to use but I need a hand trolley to get it over the stones on the shore. When I had a laser before many years ago, I had a light hand trolley made with plastic tubing. Do you or anyone else have a model on how to make one? I have wheels

Hello Brian I do not have any plans or instructions, but there are a few forums that discuss how to make a homemade dolly. Check out some examples here and here . Otherwise, there are new dollies for sale. Have a look at this page for more info. cheers

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How Long Is A Laser Sailboat?

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

May 22, 2023

‍ Key Takeaways

• A Laser is an ideal boat for those wanting to dinghy race or be active on the water
• Laser boats are 13.78 feet long and some use a smaller sail depending on your weight
• The Laser hull is an excellent dinghy design with a few sail modifications
• Laser sailors are able to transport the boat on a trailer or the top of a typical car
• Laser sailing is arguably the best dinghy since it utilizes an ideal weight and boat length

‍ Laser sailboats are a popular racing dinghy that are compact and easy to handle. But how long is a laser sailboat?

A Laser sailboat is approximately 13.78 feet long and comes in three different rigging versions depending on your sailing needs. These boats include the Laser Standard, Laser Radial, and the Laser 4.7. Each rig type still remains just under 14 feet in boat length.

After careful analysis the Laser appears to have a perfect design and great boat length to accommodate any type of sailor no matter their experience. It is estimated that over 200,000 Laser boats are in about 140 countries and makes it the most popular racing dinghy out there.

Table of contents

‍ Differences in Laser Boats

Laser boats all remain the same boat length of 13.78 feet so there will be a level of familiarity if you were to move from one rigging type to another. Since they are a one design boat they are typically the same style but newer models might have something that the older ones do not.

The only differences will be in the rigging that you choose upon your purchase. You can see the rigging types below and how they might apply to your skill and body type.

Laser Standard - Best All Around

The Laser Standard has a 76 feet squared sail and is meant for sailors that are more athletic or have a heavier build. The skill level ranges between beginner and expert but most adults with some sailing experience will opt for this rigging type.

Laser Radial - Best for Lighter Sailors

The Laser Radial has a 62 feet squared sail and is meant for women or lighter weight sailors. The skill level ranges between beginner and expert but most that have limited experience will likely choose this one.

Laser 4.7 - Best Beginner or Youth Sailing

The Laser 4.7 has a 50.59 feet squared sail and is best of youth sailors or lighter sailors in general. The skill level still ranges between beginner and expert but this is a perfect introduction into dinghy sailing for anyone.

The Charecteristics of a Laser Boat

A Laser boat is made up of many different parts. Each part makes the boat unique and is why it is able to be around 14 feet in length. If any one of these parts are damaged or missing you will not be able to experience the Laser as it was intended to be.

Mast Section and Boom

The mast is adjustable into two different parts. One of them being the shorter lower mast section and allows you to change direction based on the wind.

The boom is similar to the mast in that it helps control the angle of the wind hitting the sail. This is located at the bottom of the sail along the footing.

Various Types of Sails

The sails are any of the three types that were mentioned above. The size of your sails will depend on your personal weight so it is important for the right balance and performance to find the sails that are accommodating to you.

Stability with Daggerboard and Rudders

The daggerboard is a keel type that enters through a slot on the hull. This is essential for a boats stability. Rudders have to be down while sailing in order to properly steer the boat.

Steering with a Tiller

The tiller allows you to steer the boat through the rudder and is necessary if you want to sail. Most Laser boat racers opt for a tiller extender so that they can control the boat while leaning over the edge for balance.

Best Tips for the Purchase of a Laser Boat

Laser sailing is a one of a kind experience on the water and not meant for simple cruising. These boat types are used in the Laser World Championships and have their own Laser class among dinghy races throughout the world. They are governed by the International Laser Class Association and races have a set of Laser class rules.

Bruce Kirby and his innovation helped sketched and designed the first Laser boat in 1970. This paved the way for a revolutionary brand.

Since the earliest models it has gained a lot of popularity among dinghy sailing. Today you can still find some original Laser Standard sail and many newer models that could fit within your budget or sailing goals.

What to Look for in a Laser Boat

You could look to purchase a Laser boats based on a variety of factors. These could be new or used but will ultimately vary depending on the desired use.

If you happen to find an older Laser boat you should give it some thought. These boats are designed with the same hull type over the years and the quality has been consistent.

Hull’s Condition

The hull needs to be in good shape no matter if it is new or used. Make sure there are not any holes or spots that are soft which would later become a hole.

The hull weight should also be around 130 pounds since that is what new Laser boats are weighing. If used you should ask the owner how they stored the boat whether on land or left at a marina in the water.

Age of Laser

Laser boats can be great if they are taken care of over time. A 1970 version will obviously look and feel much different than a 2023 model.

A lot of models have the same hull and same specifications since they are a one design boat. If applicable you can check the hull number and look it up to get an accurate representation of the boats age.

Average Cost to Expect

Laser boats range in price depending on a variety of factors. If the boat was taken care of over the years then a used version will definitely be a the best bang for your buck.

A Laser boat that is used but in good condition could vary between $2,000 and $5,000. A newer Laser boat could start around $5,000 and be as high as nearly $6,000.

It is best if you can shop around to find a great deal on a Laser boat. Since there are over 200,000 Laser boats in regulation around the world the chances of finding one at a good price near you is highly likely.

Why You Might Consider Purchasing a Laser Boat

Laser boats are a great way to be active on the water and get a feel for sailing. The best thing about it is that you can have a good time without needing a ton of experience sailing beforehand.

Ease of Transportation

These are compact boats that can be easily transported by a truck or trailer. It would be best to transport with a trailer but not everyone has that capability. Some small cars can carry these if you can figure out a safe way to transport the boat.

Different Versions and Rig Setups

They make two different hardware versions and three different rigging types. Since the design is essentially the same over the years many sailors of different experience levels can work on their sailing skills.

XD is best for sailors wanting to find performance. Race is best for those wanting to sail recreationally or for racing in clubs.

Easy to Learn Sailing Skills

If you have never sailed on a boat like this then it will take some practice. There is a slight learning curve since you need to use your body to help balance the boat while racing. They are great for anyone with a competitive spirit and that love to go fast.

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I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

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International Laser Class Association

One Boat, One Sailor, One Design.

Introduction to Laser Sailing

by Jon Emmett

The Laser is truly the boat for all ages from our Junior 4.7s to our legendary (over 75 year old) Masters. No other adult class is raced in more countries in the World, in a class which takes grass roots to Olympic sailors. Come and join us to see why!

Not only are there nearly 215, 000 boats out there at the time of writing, but there is truly something for everyone in a combined class which covers the competitive weight range for nearly everyone from junior to adult, although it is not just about racing. Lasers form a key part of many sailing holiday fleets for people who just want to blast or potter around for fun.

Many of the world’s best sailors, difficult to mention them all, have come through the Laser rank. It seems like medalling in an international Laser event means you are likely to be able to medal in future classes as Laser sailors go on to compete in nearly every aspect of the sport. Ben Ainslie, Iain Percy, Paul Goodison, Robert Scheidt, Francesco Bruni, Tom Slingsby are probably the best known, and with so many to choose from it is hard to know where to start. Behind them, there is a whole host of talent with the level just getting higher and higher.

Photo by Jon Emmett

The inspiration for a young sailor joining the fleet is there for all to see. Yet for the Masters, the competition is in a way no less fierce and keeping active in older age is recommended on so many levels. After all, Laser sailing has been compared to cycling, so it certainly keeps testing you both physically and mentally, and the Masters’ European circuit continues to go from strength to strength.

The core skills you learn in Lasers: the starting, the tactics, and the fitness lifestyle are for life, not to mention the ability to surf downwind whilst within Rule 42, and navigate every type of wave upwind in a non-planing boat. We are always learning, and this is the reason the Laser remains as popular today as when it was first launched as a beach boat in 1969.

It is not only about having a rig for every weight but competition for every level. Of course, this varies from region to region. Another beauty of the Laser is the ability to jump on a plane and charter a boat when you get to the regatta. Due to the class’s numbers, there is no other class where this option is so widely available.

So, whether your aim is simply to have fun on those warm sunny days when the wind allows you to plane freely without getting blown off the water, or you have the Olympics firmly set in sight, there are step-by-step routes to success.

Club sailing: There are very few dinghy clubs anywhere in the world without a Laser or two, meaning that fleet racing is possible. This really is the true test of skill, racing against someone in an identical boat. Whilst handicap racing has its place and means, we can race our friends who are of very different body weights or sail very different boats, this is a far from perfect system because an overpowered boat will always tend to do well in light winds and an underpowered boat do well in strong winds, especially if it has a trapeze and can plane upwind!

Europa Cups are not only for European sailors. Indeed, we see many sailors from all over the world attend these and they make an excellent stepping stone to other international events. More and more, the other regions are having their own circuits of events.

Europeans: In recent years, probably the greatest depth of competition has been found in the European region, meaning those from other regions will travel to participate not only in the EurOlym regattas (Olympic class events in Europe) with world class venues such as Garda, Medemblik, Kiel, as well as the European Championships (and Open Trophy) themselves. For example, in Asia we have the Asian Games, in America the Pan-American Games.

For more information please see  http://www.eurilca.eu/

However other regions are working hard to catch up.

Some useful links:  Europe http://eurilca.org/

Asia http://www.asiansailing.org/

North America www.laser.org/

Australia http://www.lasersdownunder.com/

Worlds: For some, just qualifying for the Senior Worlds is a massive task, with the level going up and up and up. However, Laser sailing really does have World Championships for everyone with Junior (4.7), Youth, Under 21, and of course the other end of the scale, Masters’ Worlds!  For more information please see http://www.laserinternational.org/

Perhaps the biggest Worlds is the Sailing World Championships run by World Sailing every 4 years, which features all Olympic classes, and sitting roughly in the middle of the Olympic cycle is the major country qualifier for the Olympics.

World Cups: Being an Olympic class, both the top Laser and Radial sailors will do the invitation only World Cup Series, which also forms a very important part of the World Sailing ranking (as these World Cup events generate a lot of ranking points). The circuit currently visits Asia, North America, Europe with a final, for an even further reduced number of sailors counting all three events. For more information, please see http://www.sailing.org/ .

Jon Emmett is an Olympic Gold medal-winning coach, guiding Lijia Xu from China to Gold in the Laser Radial class at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. He also sails competitively himself in worldwide regattas when he has the time. Check out his Facebook page, Jon Emmett Sailing, where he posts his latest training videos:  https://www.facebook.com/jonemmettsailing/

Better Sailing

How Fast is a Laser Sailboat? Laser Sailboat Top Speed

A single-handed racing dinghy; it’s the Laser. The Laser dinghy’s most appealing feature is that it is protected by rigorous one-design class rules, which means that no changes to the boat are permitted unless it’s specified in the rules. As a result, whether a boat is brand new or ten years old, all Laser boats are nearly identical, allowing the sailor to win the race rather than the boat. The Laser is a difficult boat that rewards athleticism, sophisticated steering and trimming methods, and tactical mastery. Note that it’s a singlehanded Olympic class boat that is sailed at the club, national, and international levels by both men and women. It is the world’s most popular adult and junior racing sailboat, with over 200,000 boats in 140 nations. So, in this article, I will give information about the Laser boats as well as the speeds they can attain. So, keep reading!

The Laser Formula

The Laser Formula combines a single hull with three rigs: standard, radial, and 4.7. Young sailors who start out in the 4.7 can progress in rig size as they improve physically and tactically. They also don’t have to buy a new boat every few years. Because of the one-design protection, the Laser will never be obsolete. And, this explains why Lasers generally have high resale prices.

The Laser Formula also refers to the choice of rigs for different weights of people. It’s basically like having three boats in one. The Laser can be sailed easily in all wind conditions by modifying only the sail and lower mast. And it provides exhilarating yet controlled sailing for any sailor weighing as little as 35 kg.

So, the Laser Formula is a three-rigged sailboat that has been adopted by a number of sailing schools as a simple and cost-effective solution to keep sailing in all winds and reduce “downtime.” The Laser 4.7 has a 35 percent reduced sail area than the Laser Standard and a short pre-bent lower mast to maintain a balanced helm. It’s perfect for those learning to sail or those graduating from the Optimist class.

The next step up is the Laser Radial. It has a lower mast that is more flexible and slightly shorter, as well as a sail area that is 18% smaller than the Laser Standard. National and international regattas, as well as World Open and Youth Championships, attract as many countries and competitors as the Laser Standard Rig. The Laser Radial has large popularity among lighter weight sailors, as well as children, women, and masters racing.

Many countries now offer a comprehensive Laser Radial Youth program. The majority of national yachting authorities responded that the Laser Radial was their favorite youth boat in a study done by the International Sailing Federation. In moderate winds, any weight can sail the Laser Standard, but as the wind increases, it is better suited to heavier sailor weights. Apart from the significant second-hand market for Lasers with the Laser Standard rig, the lower mast and sails for Laser Radial and Laser 4.7 as a separate package from the hull have an even stronger second-hand market. Finally, a strong class association that actively promotes and advances Laser sailing around the world allows for mass manufacture of the Laser, lowering the cost of the boats and spares.

A Comparison of the Rigs

The Laser sailboat offers a variety of rig sizes, with the goal of making the boat sailable by a wide range of sailors and sailor weights. This happens by swapping out the lower mast section and leaving all other components the same. There are three different rig sizes now available. These are the ‘Standard,’ ‘Radial,’ and ‘4.7.’ Below is a graphic that compares the three rigs, and we’ll go through each one in detail in the next part.

Laser Standard

This is the most popular Laser rig size, as well as the one that came standard on the boat when it was built. It has a sail area of 7.06 square meters (about 76 square feet). The Laser Class approved a new ‘Standard’ sail in 2018, known as the ‘MKII’ or ‘Mark 2’ to differentiate it from the previous version. The difference is in the panels, among other things. Horizontal cut panels were used on the original ‘Standard’ sail. Note that radial cut panels are featured on the new MKII sail. Note that there is no size difference between these two variants. Moreover, all-new Laser Standard sails are now available in this upgraded version.

Keep in mind that when you look at the panels you can identify if you have a ‘Standard’ sail. It’s most likely a conventional sail if they’re horizontal. Then, you can measure the luff or the front edge of the sail along the mast sleeve. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 5130 mm or 200 inches. Note that the ‘Standard’ lower mast portion should be 2865 mm (113 inches) in length. In comparison to the two smaller mast portions, it is a rather sturdy mast section.

The Laser 4.7 (also known as the ILCA 5) is the smallest of the three Laser sails. It was firstly used for young sailors. The 4.7 lower mast part is one-of-a-kind because it features a pre-bend near the boom fitting. This makes depowering the sail considerably easier. This is the smallest Laser sail size, and if you have an ancient one, it’s unlikely it’s a 4.7 sail. The 4.7 sail has cross-cut panels, similar to the traditional ‘Standard’ sail. Many 4.7 sails also include a 4.7 logo on the material.

You can also measure the luff which is the front edge of the sail along the mast sleeve. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 4080 mm or 160 inches. Note that the lower mast part of the ‘4.7 features a pre-bend and should measure around 1810 mm (71 inches). The bend is the most obvious feature that distinguishes it from the others.

Laser Radial

The Laser ‘Radial’ sail, formerly known as the ‘M’ rig, is smaller than the ‘Standard’ sail, measuring 5.76 square meters (62 square feet). It was the only Laser sail at the time to include radial cut panels, which made de-powering the sail easier in strong gusts. Both the Standard and Radial sails have the radial cut design, as mentioned above for the ‘Standard’ rig. The blue panels at the tack and clew of the sail are another telltale sign of a Radial sail size.

Looking at the panels is the first and most obvious way to identify if you have a ‘Radial’ sail. It’s most likely a radial sail if they’re radial, as in radiating out from the center. From the peak of the sail to the bottom, this measurement should be around 4560 mm or 180 inches. Note that the lowest mast part of the ‘Radial’ should be 2262 mm (89 inches) in length. It’s also a little smaller than the usual portion in diameter.

Laser Sailing

Sailing on a laser differs significantly from sailing on other boats. There is no motor, paddle, or oars on a laser dinghy. To move your boat across the water, you must master the technique of harnessing the wind. It could be a calm breeze one day, making sailing a peaceful contact with nature. And then a violent gust the next, putting your talent in syncing your movements with the boat, the wind, and the water to the test.

The Laser dinghy is used in laser sailing, which is a popular water sport. Despite the boat’s simple design, Laser sailors and racers encounter a unique set of hurdles that necessitate specific physical abilities. Laser sailing requires a high level of fitness in order for a sailor to be able to handle the trekking and body-twisting skills that are required in sailing, particularly when sailing upwind.

Keep in mind that Laser radial sailing is often reserved for sailors of a lighter weight. The Laser Radial, as opposed to the Laser Standard, has a smaller sail and is chosen by many female laser sailors. The International Class Association, like the Laser Standard, has stringent supervision over the design. The size of the sail as well as the lower half of the mast are the only differences.

Different Wind Conditions and Laser Sailing

It’s all about getting your head out of the boat in light winds because even a small increase in wind speed results in a significant difference in boat speed. To maintain maximum water-line length, sailors place themselves well forward in the boat. In other words, their bodyweight must be just behind the centerboard. Not only is this faster, but it also gives the rudder a better feel with the bow in. In addition, it avoids the urge to produce too much leeward heel, which many people do only to obtain a greater rudder feel.

In medium winds, you just focus on the power. Meaning that you need to modify the sail controls to stay fully powered but not overpowering. This is especially crucial if you see a gradual increase or drop in wind speed during the race or course. So, it’s important that you hike “straight out.” To get the proper fore and aft trim with the waves, active body movement, or “kinetics,” is essential. Remember that if you spend most of your time leaning forward, you will most likely set too far back, and vice versa. You should spend approximately the same time for forwarding and backward body movements.

In strong winds, it’s natural to want to use as much power as possible, but this isn’t the same as making maximum upwind progress. Holding on to too much sheet will actually reduce your velocity, whereas loosening the sheet will not only maintain the boat flat. It will also assist it to accelerate in the wind rather than just heeling over and slide sideways. You may feel as if you’re pointing at the boat to leeward if you bear away somewhat. But in really strong gusts, you’re probably retaining your height better. The Laser will slip less sideways if it maintains its pace. As a result, sailing “fast and low” is frequently effective here. The most important suggestion is to maintain a steady heel angle. If the boat “staggers” upwind, it is not only slow, but it also means you are putting in the extra effort.

>>Also Read: How To Sail Single Handed

How Fast Do Laser Sailboats Go?

The fastest recorded speed for a laser sailboat is 18.6 knots. The fastest recorded speed was at 18.6 knots in 2017 in the United Kingdom. The previous record was set in Honolulu in 2009, when the Laser reached a speed of 16.8 knots. Mark Denzer of Honolulu, Hawaii, has held the official Laser sailboat speed record of 16.8 knots since January 16, 2009. High wind warnings, civil defense alerts, state government closures, and gusts up to 60 knots made for a great day for Laser sailing on this record-breaking day. However, the wind never went beyond 30 knots during the record-breaking attempt.

In gusts of approximately 15 mph, you can typically get the full-rig to plane (reaching) if you’re lightweight. Even at lesser wind speeds, it’s possible. However, by today’s standards, the Laser is hardly a fast boat; a Hobie 16 would be faster. And GPS-recorded speeds can sometimes be inaccurate. Without going into the technical gritty of how a GPS device measures velocity, it’s important to distinguish between instantaneous speed (for example, down a wave) and speed maintained over some specific distance. As a side note, ‘official’ speed records are set over a 500-meter course. Keep in mind that the upper wind strengths for a Laser are in the 30-40 mph range.

Using a GPS, you can record some incredible speeds. These speeds, of course, do not stay long because they are caused by position variations in the GPS system. That’s why GPS’s average speed over time is so important. As a result, it is dependent on how this speed was measured, under what conditions, and for how long.

In a medium breeze upwind, most laser sailors will attain a hull speed of just under 5 knots, which is why you’ll often see the crew condensed at the windward mark in a specific range of wind. When the breeze is steady, with minimal shifts and a consistent velocity, the leaders in the crew have a lot less to work with. And, the sailors further down the crew have fewer external inputs, so they make fewer mistakes. You can see how, once everyone hits maximum hull speed, most boats sit at the same speed upwind with little opportunity to break through that barrier.

In lighter winds, more skilled sailors will make better use of the available wind energy. And, as a result, maintain higher average speeds around the course than sailors further down the crew who move around too much. They also have a sail set up in a less-than-optimal shape and steer in such a way that energy isn’t converted into forward drive as efficiently.

In severe winds, on the other hand, expert sailors can now sail upwind at hull speed almost constantly. However, there’s the exception of brief times when tacking or navigating through a tough area of water. And they will occasionally exceed it through steering technique and very powerful hiking, allowing the boat to surf or semi-plane for short periods of time. But, further down the fleet, this additional wind, and wave energy becomes a hindrance. So, the boat and sailor will begin to fight it as they deal with increased weather helm. The water will constantly come over the bow, gusts will knock you sideways instead of straight ahead, and so on.

>>Also Read: Best Pocket Cruisers Under 20 Feet

Laser Sailing Upwind

Balance is the key to sailing upwind. The more balanced your boat is, the faster it will travel. You have three tools to regulate the boat speed, just as the pro sailors. The first step is to trim your sail. It is critical that your sail is properly set up. When your sail is properly set, the Laser’s balance should be great. Bear in mind that sailing is a very dynamic sport in which conditions can change rapidly. Meaning that the balance in your boat will change every time the wind strength or direction changes. So, the balance in the Laser will get disturbed every time you hit a tiny or larger wave. And, in order to maintain balance, you have to counteract the boat’s movements.

Your rudder is the second thing you’ll need to keep your Laser balanced while sailing. The rudder can be used to offset disruptive conditions like wind and water. So, you can use the rudder to change course when the wind direction changes slightly. Like this, the pressure in the sail remains constant and your boat remains balanced. You may also use the rudder to balance the boat when it hits a wave. Your bodyweight is the third and last option for balancing the boat. When the boat’s nose starts to rise due to a wave, you have to proceed forward. But, move back as soon as the wave passes and the boat wants to continue down again. This minimizes the disturbance in your Laser and maximizes the boat’s balance. The faster you go, the better balanced your Laser is.

Offshore, the wind can be quite shifty depending on the course’s proximity to the coast. This is sometimes exceedingly close due to stadium racing so that the audience can watch from the shore. This involves taking advantage (and tacking) on every shift in classes like the Laser, which tacks quickly. The angle at which you sail to the windward mark varies a lot. Keep in mind that this will necessitate quick sailing.

Onshore there may be huge waves, as well as a more steady wind, depending on the strength of the wind and the depth of the sea. At this point, we’re focusing on tack minimization since the wind is more likely to be stable, and it takes longer to get up to full speed. In other words, the potential tack loss is much higher. To ensure you can exit with maximum speed, you must choose where to tack extremely carefully. This applies both in terms of the shift and layline, and especially where you tack on the wave.

Laser Sailboat Top Speed – The Bottom Line

So, it is possible for a Laser to hit 20 knots for limited periods of time. These can be when going down the face of a wave. Who among us hasn’t sailed down a wave in 20+ mph only to have the boom swing into the centreline with an unloaded sail? Much more than 20 knots, though, is quite rare, as as you reach higher winds, such as around 30 knots. This is because the sail will stay out and always have some load on it, even on a huge offshore wave.

When sailing upwind, the best Laser sailors in the world all have the same goal in mind. They have, however, mastered the art of perfecting this technique. They are quite proactive in addressing all of the minor variables. As a result, their modifications are smaller, the balance is improved, and the boat moves faster. You may, however, learn to sail the laser as balanced as the experienced guys do so.

In general, I’ve found that the sustained boat speed is usually around 1/2 the wind speed, up to about 10-12 knots. In 15 knots of wind, the Laser will do 7-8 knots, and in 20 knots, it will do 10 knots. Around 6-7 knots boat speed, it appears to come up onto a plane. As it approaches 10 knots, steering becomes more challenging in order to keep the sail full and pulling. It also prevents being hit by a wave that knocks the boat speed down much or causes you to lose excellent sail trim.

Note that any “lash” (free movement) between the tiller and the rudder creates a serious challenge in trying to preserve accurate control of heading. So, trim and consistent power, and the boat direction becomes increasingly responsive to waves and harder to control. As the Laser approaches 12-13 knots through the water, it gets increasingly difficult to maintain the pace for an extended period of time.

Overall, a Laser will cruise at close to hull speed upwind as soon as the wind picks up enough to get the boat moving. Also, in planing conditions, 10+ knots beam reaching and close to that speed downwind regularly occur around a course. I hope this article gave you the answers and necessary information you wanted to learn.

I wish you all safe, pleasant & fast sailing!

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

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How to Apply ILCA Sail Numbers (Laser Sailboat)

How to Number an ILCA 6 and 7 Dinghy Sail

The First 2 numbers are always Red and the rest are Black or Blue, for ILCA 4 refer to the Laser 4.7 Photo Above as the measurements are slightly different, ILCA 6 and 7 are the same measurements

• Spread the sail out on a clean, dry and flat surface with the starboard side (right side facing forward) facing up.
• Measure 100 mm from the leech and 400 mm from the center of the middle batten pocket and make a small pencil mark.
• Measure 400 mm from the fore most end of the middle batten pocket and make a small pencil mark.
• Connect the two marks with a ruler or yardstick and lightly mark the baseline with a pencil.
• Peel the backing partially off the first number and line it up on the baseline, then stick it to the sail, make sure the number is applied flat without any bubbles or wrinkles, use your hands to press out any deformations or peel the number back if there are any large bubbles or wrinkles.
• Measure 60 mm from the base and top of the first number and make a small pencil mark.
• Repeat step 5 and 6, if you make a mistake don’t worry you can carefully peel the numbers back off and fix any mistakes.
• Flip the sail over on it’s port side and Measure 100 mm from the leech and 800 mm from the center of the middle batten pocket.
• Measure 800 mm fromt the fore most end of the middle batten pocket and make a small pencil mark
• Repeat steps 5 and 6

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Sails & Battens

Shop sails and battens for Laser / ILCA sailboats including Standard / 7 Rigs, Radial / 6 Rigs, and 4.7 / 4 Rigs. West Coast Sailing offers sails from both North and Hyde with Free Sail Numbers and Installation on all new class-legal racing sails. Batten sets and practice/training sails are also available. Our expert team will have your new sail numbered and out the door quickly with fast, free shipping on qualifying orders. Find out why thousands of Laser / ILCA sailors around the world trust West Coast Sailing for all their sail and parts needs.

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Laser / ilca sails - standard/7, radial/6, 4.7/4, free sail numbers & installation + free shipping.

West Coast Sailing was the first to provide free sail numbers and we still do! All ILCA / Laser racing sails include free sail numbers and sail number installation . Easily enter your sail number, select your preferred sail number style, and add a country code (if you need one). Enjoy free ground shipping on qualifying orders with expedited shipping options available. We strive to ship sails within one business day so that you can get out on the race course with your new sail quickly.

Laser / ILCA Sail Sizes & Options

Laser Standard / ILCA 7  - The 'standard' sized Laser sail (76 square feet) is the most common, particularly on older boats, and used with the 'standard' lower mast section. Laser Standard Sails are now only available in the new Mark II version, which is a radial cut sail, from both North Sails and Hyde Sails and are ILCA class approved for racing.

Laser Radial / ILCA 6 - The 'radial' sized Laser sail (62 square feet) is used with the 'radial' lower mast section, which is a few feet shorter than the 'standard' lower mast section to accommodate the smaller sail and allow the rig to depower more easily. Laser Radial Sails are also available from North Sails and Hyde Sails and are ILCA class approved for racing.

Laser 4.7 / ILCA 4 - The smallest of the three rig/sail sizes, the '4.7' Laser sail (50 square feet) is used with the 4.7 lower mast section, which is shorter than the 'radial' lower mast section and pre-bent just above the deck line to depower the rig. This sail size is commonly used for youth sailors just getting into the Laser class who are not big enough to manage either the Radial or Standard size rig. Laser 4.7 Sails are also available from North Sails and Hyde Sails and are ILCA class approved for racing.

Laser & ILCA Practice Sails - While not not class legal for racing, these 'practice' sails (sometimes called 'replica' sails) are cut from a slightly heavier cloth for longer life but to the same pattern as class-approved sails. They have a similar feel to using a class-approved sail but are less expensive, making them great for training or for recreational sailors. We currently offer 'practice' sails from Rooster, which include battens and a bag.

North Sails vs Hyde Sails - Myths & Facts

There has been much debate over the years about the 'differences' between North and Hyde Laser sails, most of which is myth. We've sold thousands of Laser sails in the last 14+ years and worked with sailors around the world, so here are some things we've learned.

Myths about Laser Sails

• Hyde Has More Resin - There are some small physical differences between the two sails. The question is what is 'perceived' different, and what is actually physically different. If you feel both sails side by side, the biggest difference is that, generically speaking, the Hyde sails feel more 'slick'. The rumor is that there is more resin injected into the cloth, so the sail holds a shape better and is more durable.
• Hyde Sails Have a Tighter Leach - The Laser sail is very low tech compared to any modern sail design/cut/manufacturing. With that, there are some variations observable over a batch of say... 40-50 sails. The panels are uniform, but there could be small variations at the edges of each panel as it is cut. Additionally, as the panels attached to each other, there is a small margin for error that can sometime be seen.
• Hyde Cost More, so they must be better - Hyde and North's probably cost about the exact same to manufacture. Hyde Sails just seem to have a longer distance to travel as they go through the UK before coming to the US. There was a rumor that the VAT tax added to the price, but that cost should be removed once a product is exported from the UK.

The Facts About Laser & ILCA Sails (Real World Experience)

Many of our customers swear by Hyde for serious racing because they last longer and have a better shape. The flip side is that some of our customers prefer the initial 'setup' of the North, even if it is perceived to have a slightly shorter lifespan. Keep in mind, we are dealing on the fringes of what is real and what is perceived. Top level sailors will go fast with either sail and intermediate sailors get a big boost from a new sail no matter what the brand. If you care for each sail the same, keep it clean and be careful not to flog it needlessly at the dock or while sailing, either brand should deliver solid and very similar results over it's lifespan.

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• Sailboat Guide

Laser 2 is a 14 ′ 5 ″ / 4.4 m monohull sailboat designed by Bethwaite Design and Ian Bruce and built by Performance Sailcraft between 1978 and 1987.

Rig and Sails

Auxilary power, accomodations, calculations.

The theoretical maximum speed that a displacement hull can move efficiently through the water is determined by it's waterline length and displacement. It may be unable to reach this speed if the boat is underpowered or heavily loaded, though it may exceed this speed given enough power. Read more.

Classic hull speed formula:

Hull Speed = 1.34 x √LWL

Max Speed/Length ratio = 8.26 ÷ Displacement/Length ratio .311 Hull Speed = Max Speed/Length ratio x √LWL

Sail Area / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the power of the sails relative to the weight of the boat. The higher the number, the higher the performance, but the harder the boat will be to handle. This ratio is a "non-dimensional" value that facilitates comparisons between boats of different types and sizes. Read more.

SA/D = SA ÷ (D ÷ 64) 2/3

• SA : Sail area in square feet, derived by adding the mainsail area to 100% of the foretriangle area (the lateral area above the deck between the mast and the forestay).
• D : Displacement in pounds.

Ballast / Displacement Ratio

A measure of the stability of a boat's hull that suggests how well a monohull will stand up to its sails. The ballast displacement ratio indicates how much of the weight of a boat is placed for maximum stability against capsizing and is an indicator of stiffness and resistance to capsize.

Ballast / Displacement * 100

Displacement / Length Ratio

A measure of the weight of the boat relative to it's length at the waterline. The higher a boat’s D/L ratio, the more easily it will carry a load and the more comfortable its motion will be. The lower a boat's ratio is, the less power it takes to drive the boat to its nominal hull speed or beyond. Read more.

D/L = (D ÷ 2240) ÷ (0.01 x LWL)³

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds.
• LWL: Waterline length in feet

Comfort Ratio

This ratio assess how quickly and abruptly a boat’s hull reacts to waves in a significant seaway, these being the elements of a boat’s motion most likely to cause seasickness. Read more.

Comfort ratio = D ÷ (.65 x (.7 LWL + .3 LOA) x Beam 1.33 )

• D: Displacement of the boat in pounds
• LOA: Length overall in feet
• Beam: Width of boat at the widest point in feet

Capsize Screening Formula

This formula attempts to indicate whether a given boat might be too wide and light to readily right itself after being overturned in extreme conditions. Read more.

CSV = Beam ÷ ³√(D / 64)

Thanks to Ken H. for contributing drawing scanned from orginal brochure. The LASER 2 has a convoluted history. There was the LASER II FUN, and the LASER II REGATTA, a LASER FUN NEW WAVE, (which added an assym. spinnaker). All retired before 1990.

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